SCOPE OF   
THE JOURNAL The Journal of Coastal Research, covering the entire field of coastal research, encompasses all subjects relevant to natural and engineered environments (freshwater, brackish or marine) and the protection - management of their resources in the vicinity of coastlines of the world. The journal broadly focuses on shorelines but embraces coastal environments that reach some indefinite distance inland and that extend seaward beyond the outer margins of the sublittoral (neritic) zone.
 

  EDITORIAL POLICY
The Journal of Coastal Research is published in English by the Coastal Education & Research Foundation [CERF]. The following main departments are included in most issues: Professional Papers, Technical Communications, Notes, Discussions and Replies, Meeting Reports, News and Announcements, Coastal Calendar, Letters to the Editor, Coastal Photographs, Book Reviews, and Books Received. In addition to an author citation index, there are geographical, systematic, and subject indices bound in the first fascicle of each volume year.

Manuscripts received are normally reviewed, in a timely manner, by at least two referees. The referees assist the Associate Editors and Editor-in-Chief in their efforts to obtain comments and suggestions for improvement of manuscripts. Although the Editor-in-Chief is ultimately responsible for the material that is selected for publication, Associate Editors often determine the suitability of manuscripts and oversee the vetting process.

Before submitting a manuscript, the following rules should be read carefully. Contributions that differ from the specifications will be returned for correction before review. Revised manuscripts are assumed to be in final form when received at the editorial office. Authors are encouraged to submit manuscripts in electronic format on a voluntary basis between 1st January and 30th June 2003. After 30th June 2003, electronic submission of contributions is mandatory and paper copy submission will be accepted on an exceptional basis only.

Editors are not supposed to rewrite a poorly written or sloppy manuscript. If you have difficulty writing scientific English, consult a colleague whom you know well, or seek out the services of a professional editor who will help you for a fee. Manuscripts may be rejected due to poor English.

Adhere to the style stipulated for the Journal of Coastal Research. If you don't, reviewers might think you wrote the paper for another journal, and sent it to us after it was rejected there. This is not the best attitude for a reviewer to have as he or she begins to read your paper. An irritated reviewer is no better than a negatively disposed reviewer. In any case, authors must verify that their contribution is not being considered for publication elsewhere.
   
  Professional Papers  
Original contributions dealing with all aspects of coastal and environmental problems are of prime interest to the JCR. Manuscripts dealing with theory, methodology, applied topics, engineering, thematic reviews, and case studies are also appropriate for publication. Periodic reviews of history, state-of-the-art summaries, and progress on specific topics or problems are also welcome.

  Technical Communications and Notes
Brief reports and notes dealing with a new or improved technique, procedure, or methodology are treated similarly to professional papers. These short reports may contain line drawings, photographs, and references. Although generally shorter and more limited in scope, compared to a professional paper, they should follow the same format of longer papers. Technical communications are grouped together after the professional papers in a separate department of the JCR.
 
  Discussions and Replies
Discussion of professional papers or technical communications is encouraged.  This department is provided as a forum for the exchange of ideas. Commentaries should identify, in JCR format, the report title and authors as well as the issue in which the paper appeared. Copies of discussion papers are normally sent to senior or first authors so that their replies may be printed following the discussions. Rejoinders and further discussion are permitted, should the author(s) or responders wish extended debate.

  News and Announcements
Announcements, discussions, and progress reports of supporting organizations (e.g. INQUA, IGCP, IGU, ITC, IABO, IFAQ, LAM) and other associations with coastal themes and interests will highlight this section. Brief descriptions of representative professional activities and news items of international, national or regional interest are also relevant here. Also included are news features about people, honors, and awards; opportunities for fellowships, scholarships, and research funds.
  
  Letters to the Editor
Critical observations (pro and contra) and clarifying discussions of articles appearing in the JCR will be published as soon as possible along with the author's reply. Brief and pertinent responses are encouraged. Editorials providing informative commentaries on any aspect of coastal technology, research, management, or policy are welcome.

  Literature Reviews, Books Received
Topical reviews in specialized subjects should feature classical interpretations of contentious issues as well as modern developments. Selected book reviews and shorter listings of books received are included.  

  Coastal Photographs  
Black and white photographs of general interest will be published as a single page entry with an appropriate caption (it is helpful to include location and date). Refer to previous issues for photo proportions and submit contributions to the
Editor-in-Chief.  
  
FOUND MARKING  
  Manuscript Requirements
Manuscripts must be original and not submitted for publication elsewhere. Contributions in general should be organized in the following order: (A) title (include a short running head), (B) names and affiliations of authors (with complete addresses and e-mail), (C) abstract, (D) additional index words (words not included in the title), (E) introduction, (F) methods, techniques, materials, study area, (G) results, (H) discussion, (I) conclusions, (J) acknowledgments, (K) literature cited, (L) summary - or extended abstract in native language (if different from English), (M) tables, and (N) figure captions. For publishing consideration please mail manuscripts in triplicate (until 30th June 2003).

For general guides to manuscript layout and style, contributors are referred to: A Manual of Style (1982), The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois; Suggestions to Authors of the Reports of the United States Geological Survey (1958), U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC; Geowriting -A Guide to Writing, Editing, and Printing in Earth Science (1973), American Geological Institute, Washington, DC; and Style Manual: For Authors and Printers of Australian Government Publications (1966), Commonwealth Government Printing Office, Canberra, A.C.T., Australia. These books contain useful details of grammar, punctuation, table preparation, figure layout, and other style matters.

Authors are responsible for making their contributions clear, concise, and accurate. Contributors to the JCR should consult guidelines, previous issues of the Journal, and general style manuals (indicated above). Manuscripts that are not properly prepared will be returned to the authors for corrections.

Manuscripts must be printed on one side of good quality white bond paper (erasable, onionskin, tissue, and highly absorbent papers should not be used). Copy must be double spaced throughout, except for abstracts and references, on unbound pages of uniform size not more than 216 mm in width by 280 mm in length (American standard letter size 8.5 X 11 inch paper). Number all manuscript pages through the reference section beginning with the abstract. The following standard headings are set up to accommodate the majority of situations that will normally be encountered in the JCR. Please follow the following system for heads and banners:

   FIRST ORDER HEADINGS ARE IN CAPITALS AND CENTERED
   Second Order Headings Are Upper and Lower Case, Flush Left
      Third order headings are upper and lower case, indented
      Fourth order headings are upper and lower case indented as a paragraph and running into copy. The typographical requirements of headings identify their level or order. In exceptional circumstances they may be further stipulated by a numbering system, but the use of numbering systems is discouraged.

Manuscripts should be prepared using a popular printer font. Do not use oversize letters, italic, or fancy fonts for headings or text. Use continuous underling to indicate italic type (for book or journal titles, foreign words and phrases, etc.). Symbolization used in mathematical formulae must be accompanied by marginal notes that identify the foreign characters (first occurrence only) for the typesetter, Marginal notes must be made in a manner that is easily separated from the text.
 
  Title Page   
The first page should contain a concise title, a short running head, the name(s) of the author(s), then the complete postal addresses, and other contact information. Footnotes for new affiliations, contribution numbers from institutions, and financial support from research contracts and grants may be added to this page.
  
   Abstract
The abstract will be read by 50 to 500 times more people than will read the full paper. Therefore, the abstract should convey information itself, not just promise it. Always begin the abstract with rationale and objective statements; never jump directly into the materials and methods.

A concise abstract, (never more than 3% of the text or maximum of 250 words) should be on the second page. The content should summarize the work and indicate important research findings or results. The abstract should not contain reference to bibliographic citations, figures, or table materials. Equations, formulas, obscure abbreviations, and acronyms also are inappropriate. The abstract should include the following: reasons for doing the work, objectives of the topics covered, brief description of the methods used, results, and conclusions.

For those able to do so, a short summary in French, German, Spanish and/or other language utilizing the Latin alphabet would be appreciated. The summary does not need to be an exact, literal translation of the abstract.

  Index Words
Provide additional words not found in the title. These key words are useful to abstracting services and indexers who prepare lists for computer searches by subject. They are identified after the abstract as "ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS" listed in italic.

  Tables
These will be included in the main body of the manuscript when printed but should be submitted separately, each to a page after the references. They should be numbered consecutively, appropriately based, and kept as simple and short as possible. Longer appendices are exceptionally allowed. The title to a table should not include the units of measurement or take footnotes. Show the units for all measurements: in spanner heads, in column beads, or in the field. In general, only horizontal rules are used: a double rule at the top, a single rule below the box head, and a single rule at the bottom just over the footnotes; additional horizontal rules may be needed under spanner heads and subheads. Vertical lines within tables should be avoided.

  Illustrations
Photographs and line drawings are to be numbered in Arabic numerals in a single sequence as "Figure l," "Figure 2," etc., and so referred to in the text. Each must be clearly captioned and acknowledged when necessary. Legends of figures must be typed on a separate page at the end of the paper in a "List of Figures.' The size of a figure, the lettering and lines, must be carefully considered for reduction because these figures will be reduced as much as possible to one column (85 mm) or two columns (175 mm). The length of a column is 230 mm. Larger illustrations may be rotated sideways and printed as a turn-page to take advantage of maximum page size. The minimum size of a reduced letter should be about 2 mm high. For a figure that is to be reduced to 1/4 of its size (1/2 length of size), lines of 0.5 to 0.8 mm and 16 to 18 point bold are recommended. Computer-generated figures should be used. Magnifications should be given as bar lines in the photograph and defined in the caption or legend. Maps and planimetric drawings should contain scales in bar lines as well as a north sign.

All figures should be mentioned in the text. Figures will not be placed out of numerical order. If this appears necessary, figures should be renumbered. Figures are assumed to be grayscale or black and white (even if submitted in color), unless otherwise stated. If a figure is to be printed in color, it must be clearly marked for color plate preparation. The cost of a color plate is $1000.

  Scientific Names
Identifiers of plant and animal genera, subgenera, species and lower taxa need to be underlined for italic, specific and lower epithets being written with a lower case initial letter. Nomenclature should follow the appropriate international code.
Geological, ecological and other scientific terms should follow standard usage or be defined the first time they are employed in the paper.
  
  Units of Measure
The S.I. system (le System International d' Unites) of reporting measurements, as established by the International Organization for Standardization in 1960, is required insofar as practical. Other units may be reported in parentheses or as the primary units when it would be impossible or inconvenient to convert to S.I. Equivalent units may be given in parentheses when tables, figures, and maps retain units of the English system (Customary units).

  Equations
Please provide adequate space for entering printing and coding instructions around equations and between lines of a given equation. Identify the Greek letter used in the margin by writing the name, e.g. alpha. Keep in mind that elaborate equations often extend over several lines with many breaks. Alternatively, it may be advantageous to group long equations into a "table," which can run across the full width of the page, thus allowing clearer presentation.

  Titles
A good title (a) briefly defines the subject, (b) indicates the purpose of the contribution, and (c) gives important, high-impact words early. Besides being descriptive, the title should be short, usually less than 12 words except in unusual circumstances. Titles should never contain abbreviations, excessive notation, or proprietary names; and authors should avoid using unusual or outdated terminology.

  Literature References
Citations are generally treated according to the "Harvard System." In the body of the text, they are cited by naming the author in upper-case letters (or authors connected by "and" if two or with et al., replacing all names after the first if more than three) and indicating the year of publication. Enclose the cite in parentheses if referring to indirectly, or enclose the year of publication in parentheses if referring to directly, e.g.  "(JONES, 1988)" or "(SMITH et al., 1989);" "according to JONES (1988)," "from data prepared by SMITH et al. (1989)." Papers cited should be grouped together in a list headed "Literature Cited," (not References or Bibliography) alphabetically arranged by first authors' surnames (again, the names should be in uppercase letters) but unnumbered, at the end of the body of the paper. There all authors' names and initials are required followed by the date  (year) of publication and the full title of the paper. Then follows the full title of the periodical, underlined for italic, then the volume and issue number in Arabic numerals, and finally the page spread. For books, the title is given underlined for italic, and then the bare name of the publisher proceeded by the place (city and state or country) of publication. The list of references to journal articles and books, found in the Journal, should be in the following basic format:    

GIAMMONA, C.P, 1988. Sea surveys. In: Finkl, C.W, Jnr. (ed.), The Encyclopedia of Field and General Geology. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, pp. 747-764.
McCAVE, I.N., 1987. Fine sediment sources and sinks around the East Anglian coast (UK). Journal Geological Society London, 144, 149-152.
THIEKE, R.J. and HARRIS, PS., 1993. Application of longshore transport statistics to the evaluation of sand transfer alternatives at inlets. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 18, pp. 111- 124.
KUNDU, PK, 1990. Fluid Dynamics. New York: Academic, 638p.
MEHTA, AJ. and MONTAGUE, C.L., 1991. A Brief Review of Flow Circulation in the Vicinity of Natural and Jettied Inlets: Tentative Observations on Implications for Larval Transport at Oregon Inlet, North Carolina. Gainesville, Florida: Oceanographic Engineering Department, University of Florida, Report UFLICOELIMP91 / 03, 74p.

Check the accuracy of your references scrupulously. Many papers arrive at a reviewer's desk with incorrect dates, titles, and author names in reference lists; or one year of publication or spelling of the author's name in the reference list and another in the text citation. Responsibility for accuracy rests solely with the author. Examples of variations on the basic citation formula follow.

EXAMPLES OF   REFERENCE FORMATS FOR THE JCR
  Single-Author Paper in a Journal:
DICKINSON, W.R., 2000. Hydro-isostatic and tectonic influences on emergent Holocene paleoshorelines in the Mariana Islands, western Pacific Ocean. Journal of Coastal Research, 16(3), 735-746.
  Two-Authored Paper in a Journal:
LIDZ, B.H. and HALLOCK, P., 2000. Sedimentary petrology of a declining reef ecosystem, Florida Reef Tract (U.S.A.). Journal of Coastal Research, 16(3), 675-697.
  Multi-Authored Paper in a Journal:
MARTINEZ, J.O.; GONZALEZ, J.L.; PILKEY, O.H., and NEAL, W.J., 2000. Barrier island evolution on the subsiding central Pacific Coast, Colombia, S.A. Journal of Coastal Research, 16(3), 663-674.
  Paper in a Proceedings Volume with No Editor:
BUTENKO, J and BARBOT, J.P., 1980. Geological hazards related to offshore drilling and construction in the Oronoco River Delta of Venezuela. Offshore Technology Conference (Houston, Texas), Paper 3395, pp. 323-329.
UDA, T. and Hashimoto, H., 1982. Description of beach changes using an empirical predictive model of beach profile changes. Proceedings of the 18th Conference of Coastal Engineering (Cape Town, South Africa, ASCE), pp. 1405-1418.
GODA, Y., 1970. The observed joint distribution of periods and heights of sea waves. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Coastal Engineering (Sydney, New South Wales, Australia), pp. 227-246.
  Book:
Commercial Publisher
COLEMAN, J.M., 1981. Deltas: Processes of Deposition and Models for Exploration. Boston, Massachusetts: International Human Resources Development Corporation, 121p.
ROBERTS, N., 1989. The Holocene, an Environmental History. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell, 316p.
  Government Publisher
FISK, H.N., 1944. Geological Investigations of the Alluvial Valley of the Lower Mississippi River. Vicksburg, Mississippi: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mississippi River Commission, 78p.
  University Press
DIAZ, H.F. and MARKGRAF, V., (eds.), 1992. El Niño Historical and Paleoclimatic Aspects of the Southern Oscillation. New York: Cambridge University Press, 321p.
  Chapter in an Edited Book:
COLIN, C. and BOURLES, B., 1992. Western boundary currents in front of French Guiana. In: PROST, M.T. (ed.), Évolution des littoraux de Guyane et de la zone Carïbe méridonale pedant le Quaternaire. Paris, France: Editions de l'ORSTOM Institute Française de Recherche Scientifique pour la Développment en Coopération, pp. 73-91.
  Miscellaneous Reports:
With an Author:
McKee, E.D., 1989. Sedimentary Structures and Textures of Río Orinoco channel Sands, Venezuela and Colombia. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper W2326-B, pp. B1-B23.
MEHTA, A.J. and MONTAGUE, C.L., 1991. A Brief Review of Flow Circulation in The Vicinity of Natural and Jettied Inlets: Tentative Observations on Implications for Larval Transport at Oregon Inlet, NC. Gainesville, Florida: University of Florida, Department of Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering, Report UFICOELIMP91/03, 74p.
VANN, J.H., 1969. Landforms, Vegetation, and Sea Level Change along the Coast of South America. Buffalo, New York: State University College at Buffalo, Technical Report No. 3, 128p.
FARROW, D.R.G.; ARNOLD, F.D.; LOMBARDI, M.L.; MAIN, M.B., and EICHELBERGER, P.D., 1986. The National Coastal Pollutant Discharge Inventory: Estimates for Long Island Sound. Rockville, Maryland: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 40p.
  With No Specified Author:
McClelland Engineering Staff, 1979. Interpretation and Assessment of Shallow Geologic and Geotechnical Conditions. Caracas, Venezuela: McClelland Engineering, Inc., Orinoco Regional Survey Areas, Offshore Orinoco Delta, Venezuela, Volume 1, 109p.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Staff, 1994. The Long Island Sound Study: Summary of the Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Publication, EPA 842-S-94-001, 62p.
   Theses and Dissertations:
WORTHY, M.C., 1980. Littoral Zone Processes at Old Woman Creek Estuary of Lake Erie. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University, Master's thesis, 198p.
ARENS, S.M., 1996. Aeolian Procresses in the Dutch Foredunes. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: University of Amsterdam, Ph.D. thesis, 150p.
  Special Issues of a Journal:
WARNE, A.G. and STANLEY, D.J., 1995. Sea-level change as a critical factor in development of basin margin sequences: new evidence from late Quaternary record. In: FINKL, C.W. (ed.), Holocene Cycles: Climate, Sea Levels, and Sedimentation. Journal of Coastal Research Special Issue No. 17, pp. 231-240. [N.B. Special issues can also be treated like a book because they are discrete and unrelated to each other in a series. The issue should be specified.]
  Maps or Charts:
BELTRÁN, C., 1993. Mapa neotectónico de Venezuela. Caracas, Venezuela: FUNVISIS Departmento de Ciencias de la Tierra, scale 1:2,000,000, 1 sheet.

  SUBMISSION OF MANUSCRIPTS
Electronic Submission is the preferred method for publishing consideration. Please read about Electronic Submission at the end of these instructions.
If electronic submission is impossible, please mail manuscripts in triplicate (one file copy and two review copies) to either of the following addresses (use the West Palm Beach address for mail articles or courier packets requiring a signature) (until 30th June 2003, after which electronic submission is required):

Post Office Box (No Signature Required)
Journal of Coastal Research
Post Office Box 210187
Royal Palm Beach, FL  33421, USA

Physical Address (All Courier Packets and Postal Signatures)
Journal of Coastal Research
1656 Cypress Row Drive
West Palm Beach, FL  33411, USA


A computer disk should not accompany initial submission of a manuscript for consideration of publication by peer review. One copy of the revised manuscript should be returned to the Associate Editor in charge of the review process, for final adjudication and forwarding to the Editorial Office, with a diskette for the manuscript. Figures may be provided on CD, but a publication-quality hard copy is still required for editorial purposes (in case the printer can not use your electronic file, the figure will be scanned). Be sure to indicate the word processing or graphics program on the CD along with appropriate identification of the author and JCR manuscript number. Note: After 30th June 2003, manuscripts should be submitted electronically. Announcements will appear in the JCR and on our Website at www.CERF-JCR.com.
 
  Proofs
Electronic page proofs are e-mailed in PDF format to the first author or a corresponding author. Authors are responsible for the correct spelling of names and for other information given in citations and for citing the references in the proper places in the text. The author is responsible for the accuracy of all facts, dates, statistics, and the position of all parts of mathematical formulas.

Proofs should be carefully checked for printing errors (PE's) and returned promptly to the Editorial Office in West Palm Beach, Florida.  Excessive changes (more than one AA per two printed pages) will be charged back to the author. "Instructions for correcting proofs" should be followed carefully; they will accompany the proofs. Authors should be certain to sign the page "proof approval form" after correcting their proofs because it certifies that all appropriate author-designated corrections have been properly marked.

Proofs should be returned in a timely manner. In general, this means that proofs should be received in the Editorial Office within 14 days of author's receipt. To ensure prompt receipt, use airmail for locations outside the USA and first-class mail within the USA. Overnight or second-day delivery may be required to meet the desired return date. The publisher reserves the right to "pass for press" when authors' corrections are not returned in time.

  Reprints
An e-form for ordering reprints is provided with the PDF proofs. Reprints will be sent to the author (or first named if more than one) of each signed paper, unless otherwise advised. Reprints are normally supplied without covers but they may be ordered with covers if desired, as indicated on the form. There are no free reprints.

  SUBSCRIBER INFORMATION
The Journal of Coastal Research is published one volume to a year in quarterly numbers. Each volume contains approximately 800 to 1,200 pages. Special issues are published on an irregular basis and are available separately from regular subscriptions as standing orders or single copies.
  
  Subscription Prices   
The annual (calendar year basis) subscription price (4 issues for 2003) is $65 for members of the Coastal Education and Research Foundation [CERF). Membership application forms are available from www.CERF-JCR.com or from Tracy Candelaria, JCR Subscription Management, Post Office Box 1897, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA. Personal subscriptions (for non-members) are $75/yr. The institutional rate (for libraries, corporations, and consulting firms) is $155/yr. Add $10 for surface postage outside the U.S.A. Airmail delivery rates are $50 additional. Back issues are available from Volume 3 onwards. The JCR is published quarterly in January, March, June, and September; special issues are published on an irregular basis and are not included with the base subscription. The JCR may be ordered from booksellers and subscription management services, or it can also be ordered directly from our Website at www.CERF-JCR.com.